As we all know today’s world is of technological revolution. Every day we are witnessing new gadgets and electronic devices. It affected our lifestyle to a great extent. People are using gadgets for communication and employment. We can not falsify that the current development of the world is due to electronic gadgets and we are introduced to various new things. These gadgets are like mini computers. In which some special program or set of instructions is implemented. It decides how the gadget will work. To implement these programs, the operating system is necessary.

Whatever gadgets you take from cell phones to the electronic system in the car, from supercomputers to home appliances, from PC in the home to the data server, the operating system is existing everywhere. There are many operating systems available in the digital world, like Android, IOS, windows, etc. There is one more operating system that is used in most electronic gadgets. It is Linux. Most of us don’t know it but most of us use it. It is more than 30-year Linux was introduced in the market. It is used in most devices due to its utility. The operating system is an interface between the computer hardware and the user of the computer.

An OS is the collection of software that manage the hardware resources and provides simple services for computer users. Without OS software can not work. Linux is a multi-operating system that manages the all-hardware devices of your PC. Linux is the most popular version of the Unix Operating system till manufactured. This is free and open-source software. It means a developer can modify the coding according to him on the internet and use it for personal or commercial purposes.

This operating system was developed especially for personal computers. But later many other devices like PC, TV, gaming console, mobile phones, and even vehicles. Linux is the same as Unix and it is mostly used in servers and computer system devices.

Linux operating system was developed by Linus Torvalds in the year 1991. And it was introduced by AT & T under General Public License. While Linus was a student and his fellow students in the university found that an operating system MINIX can operate much better by making some changes. They ask to modify it from Andrex Tanenbaum the manufacturer of the MINIX. He denied doing the same. And Linus decided to make his operating system.

Linux Shortcuts List

1. GNOME Keyboard Shortcuts:

Enter the Activities Overview.	Super
Cycle between running applications.	Alt + Tab
Cycle between running applications in the opposite direction.	Alt + Shift + Tab
Cycle between windows of the same application in Alt + Tab.	Alt + ` (grave accent)
Open the Applications menu.	Alt + F1
Open a floating command prompt.	Alt + F2
Take a screenshot of the entire screen.	PrtSc
Take a screenshot of the window in focus.	Alt + PrtSc
Switch between workspaces.	Ctrl + Alt + Arrow keys
Minimize all windows to show desktop.	Ctrl + Alt + D

2. General Linux Shortcuts:

Copy any highlighted text, image, or some other object to the clipboard.	Ctrl + C
Paste copied text, image, or some other object from the clipboard.	Ctrl + V
Cut highlighted text, image, or some other object.	Ctrl + X
Save the currently opened file.	Ctrl + S
Create a new file.	Ctrl + N
Undo the last action.	Ctrl + Z
Quit the application in focus.	Ctrl + Q
Switch to a virtual console.	Ctrl + Alt + F1 to F6
Switch to the first graphical terminal.	Ctrl + Alt + F7

3. KDE Keyboard Shortcuts:

Open the Application Launcher.	Super
Bing up the Command Interface.	Alt + Space
Open the System Activity utility.	Ctrl + Esc
Switch between windows.	Super + Alt + Arrow keys
Switch between virtual desktops.	Ctrl + F1 to F4
Cycle between running applications.	Super + Tab
Cycle between running applications in the opposite direction.	Super + Shift + Tab
Lock the current session.	Ctrl + Alt + L
Instantly log out without confirmation.	Ctrl + Alt + Shift + Del
Instantly reboot without confirmation.	Ctrl + Alt + Shift + Page Up

4.LXDE Keyboard Shortcuts:

Launch Terminal.	Ctrl + Alt + T
Move the window in focus between virtual desktops.	Shift + Alt + Arrow keys
Move between virtual desktops.	Ctrl + Alt + Arrow keys
Cycle between running applications.	Alt + Tab
Cycle between running applications in the opposite direction.	Alt + Shift + Tab
Close the window in focus.	Alt + F4
Hide the window in focus.	Alt + Esc
Minimize all windows to show desktop.	Super + D
Launch the default file browser.	Super + E
Toggle Fullscreen.	F11

5.Xfce Keyboard Shortcuts:

Open Xfce display settings.	Super + P
Open a command prompt.	Alt + F2
Move between virtual desktops.	Ctrl + Alt + Arrow keys
Cycle between running applications.	Alt + Tab
Cycle between running applications in the opposite direction.	Alt + Shift + Tab
Close the window in focus.	Alt + F4
Maximize the window in focus.	Alt + F10
Minimize all windows to show desktop.	Ctrl + Alt + D
Lock the current session.	Ctrl + Alt + Del
Display context menu.	Ctrl + Esc

6.Bash Keyboard Shortcuts:

Go to the beginning of the selected line.	Ctrl + A
Go to the end of the selected line.	Ctrl + E
Cut the part of the selected line after the cursor and copy it to the clipboard.	Ctrl + K
Previously used command.	Arrow Up
Move the cursor back one word.	Alt + B
Move the cursor forward one word.	Alt + F
Clean the current screen.	Ctrl + L
Enter the Newline control character.	Ctrl + J
Search in your Bash history.	Ctrl + R
Exit the history searching mode.	Ctrl + G

7.Cinnamon Keyboard Shortcuts (Linux Mint):

Show all currently running applications on the selected workspace.	Ctrl + Alt + Down
Show running applications across all workspaces.	Ctrl + Alt + Up
Cycle between running applications.	Alt + Tab
Cycle between running applications in the opposite direction.	Shift + Alt + Tab.
Open a command prompt.	Alt + F2
Close the window in focus.	Alt + F4
Open the Cinnamon Debugger.	Super + L
Minimize all windows to show desktop.	Super + D
Span the window in focus to a border.	Ctrl + Super + Arrow keys
Move the window in focus to the workspace on the left or right.	Shift + Ctrl + Alt + Left or Right Arrow

8.Ubuntu Keyboard Shortcuts:

Open Activities.	Super
Open a command prompt.	Alt + F2
Cycle between running applications.	Alt + Tab
Snap the window in focus to a border.	Super + Arrow keys
Take a screenshot of the entire screen.	PrtSc
Take a screenshot of the window in focus.	Alt + PrtSc
Take a screenshot of a selected area on the screen.	Shift + PrtSc
Launch Terminal.	Ctrl + Alt + T
Lock the current session.	Super + L
Minimize all windows to show desktop.	Super + D

9.Firefox Keyboard Shortcuts:

Go back.	Backspace
Reload the current page.	F5 or Ctrl + R
Print the current page.	Ctrl + P
Save the current page.	Ctrl + S
Find text on the current page.	Ctrl + F
Bring the search bar into focus.	Ctrl + K
Close the current tab.	Ctrl + W
Open a new tab.	Ctrl + N
Open a new private window.	Ctrl + Shift + P
Exit Firefox.	Ctrl + Shift + Q

10.ChromeOS Keyboard Shortcuts (Chromebook):

Lock the current session.	Ctrl + Shift + L
Log out from the current session.	Ctrl + Shift + Q
Launch an application from the taskbar.	Alt + 1 to 8
Dock the window in focus to the left or right side of the screen.	Alt + [ or ]
Take a screenshot of the entire screen.	Ctrl + F5
Take a screenshot of a selected area on the screen.	Ctrl + Shift + F5
Open the Files app.	Shift + Alt + M
Display notifications.	Shift + Alt + N
Display all keyboard shortcuts.	Ctrl + Alt +
Open the Task Manager.	Shift + Esc

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